Why Science? by James Trefil

In Why Science?, physicist James Trefil writes for the majority of people that will not become scientists. Most people think that science is always right and assumes that science does what is best for society. In many cases this is true, but in many cases there is a high degree of uncertainty in the developments of scientific ideas that will influence the outcome and results of the idea and how it becomes integrated in daily life. For the general society to understand science Trefil focuses on scientific literacy which is “the matrix of knowledge needed to understand enough about the physical universe to deal with issues that come across our horizon, in the news or elsewhere.” (page 28). Whether there is a discussion of cloning, stem cell research, global warming, the use of pesticides, endangered species, etc. a certain amount of scientific literacy is necessary for people to be able to form an educated opinion. Decisions on scientific issues which affect society are often a result of this opinion by non scientists based on their ability to understand the science. Trefil essentially asks- does the high degree of specialization in high school physics, chemistry, biology, etc.; do a disservice in science education because the percent of students who become scientists is small? Our society has determined that the best way to educate students to be scientifically literate is through the traditional coursework of the big three sciences. Trefil, on the other hand, wants to “make room for a science and society course.” (page 49). Will society benefit from an argument for science based on Culture? Obviously science must not be based on anything other than the pursuit of knowledge; however, scientists can take a more active ethical role much as can society.